DrivingResearch.

public messaging

Mass-media safety campaigns and PSAs: broadcast, print, and social-media messaging, slogans, and awareness drives aimed at changing driver behavior across a population. Defined by one-to-many persuasive communication. Differs from gamification_driving, which uses interactive game incentives, from in_vehicle_coaching, which addresses an individual driver in the moment, and from novice_curricula, which is structured instruction rather than promotional messaging.

297 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Communicating Highway Safety: What Works · 2002 · Rodriguez, Lulu et al. · archived
  2. Risk Communication Strategies and Existing Alcohol- Impaired and Distracted Driving Safety Messages [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  3. Road Safety Advertising and Social Marketing ↗ · 2011 · Faulks, Ian · indexed
  4. The relative efficacy of positively and negatively valenced road safety campaign messages in improving dangerous driving attitudes · 2020 · Morrison, Ben W. et al. · archived
  5. Review of Risk Communication Strategies And Existing Alcohol-Impaired and Distracted Driving Safety Messages: Technical Report · 2023 · Zakrajsek, Jennifer et al. · archived
  6. Driver Response to Dynamic Message Sign Safety Campaign Messages · 2020 · Shealy, Tripp et al. · archived
  7. Are mass media campaigns effective in reducing drinking and driving? Systematic review – an update · 2016 · Zatoński, Mateusz et al. · archived
  8. Media Messages and Tools to Reduce Serious Single Vehicle Run-Off-the-Road Crashes Resulting from Impaired Driving · 2012 · Linkenbach, Jeff W. et al. · archived
  9. Traffic Safety Messages on Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) · 2018 · Mitran, Elisabeta et al. · archived
  10. Responses of Women and Men to Traffic Safety Messages: A Qualitative Report · 1994 · Morris, Susan W. et al. · archived
  11. Improving Traffic Safety Culture in the United States · 2007 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  12. Effectiveness of Safety and Public Service Announcement Messages on Dynamic Message Signs · 2014 · Boyle, Linda et al. · archived
  13. Driver Education for New Multimodal Facilities · 2016 · Mondschein, Andrew S. et al. · archived
  14. Effectiveness of Entertaining, Non-Traffic-Related Messages on Dynamic Message Signs · 2021 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
  15. Mitigation of Lane Departure Crashes in the Pacific Northwest through Coordinated Outreach Phase I, Final Project Report · 2016 · Hurwitz, David et al. · archived
  16. Local and Rural Road Safety Briefing Sheets - Behavioral Safety Strategies for Drivers on Rural Roads · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  17. Design of Educational Material and Public Awareness Campaigns for Improving Work Zone Driver Safety · 2022 · Chahine, Ricardo et al. · archived
  18. Improving the effectiveness of road safety campaigns: Current and new practices ↗ · 2011 · Hoekstra, Tamara et al. · indexed
  19. The Effectiveness of Safety Campaign VMS Messages - A Driving Simulator Investigation · 2007 · Jamson, A Hamish · archived
  20. Attitudinal segmentaion of drivers in Pakistan: The potential for effective road safety campaigns · 2018 · Batool, Zahara et al. · archived
  21. Develop and Test Messages to Deter Drinking and Driving · 1998 · Williszowski, C. H. et al. · archived
  22. Guidelines for Developing a High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign to Reduce Unsafe Driving Behaviors among Drivers of Passenger and Commercial Motor Vehicles: A Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) Based on the Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks (TACT) Pilot Project · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  23. Refinement of advertisements to address risk taking by young drivers ↗ · 2011 · Imberger, K et al. · indexed
  24. The texting and driving epidemic : changing norms to change behavior. · 2013 · Atchley, Paul et al. · archived
  25. Share the Road Campaign Research Study [Tech Brief] · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
  26. Effectiveness of Crash Fact/Safety Message Signs on Dynamic Message Signs · 2021 · Savolainen, Peter T. et al. · archived
  27. Evaluating public education messages aimed at monitoring and responding to social interactive technology on smartphones among young drivers · 2017 · Gauld, Cassandra S. et al. · archived
  28. White Papers for Toward Zero Deaths: A National Strategy on Highway Safety · 2010 · Ward, Nicholas J. et al. · archived
  29. Annual Report on the Public Information and Education Countermeasure of Alcohol Safety Action Projects · 1975 · NHTSA · archived
  30. Remedies for Driver Error · 2004 · Hutabarat, R. S. et al. · archived
  31. Network: October 1978 · 1978 · NHTSA · archived
  32. Improving driver safety with behavioral countermeasures. · 2011 · Lenneman, John K. et al. · archived
  33. A Peer-to-Peer Traffic Safety Campaign Program · 2014 · Stanley, Laura et al. · archived
  34. Public Perception of Safety Messages and Public Service Announcements on Dynamic Message Signs in Rural Areas · 2016 · Schroeder, Jeremy L. et al. · archived
  35. Development of messages to address risk taking by young drivers: stage 2 ↗ · 2011 · Imberger, K et al. · indexed
  36. Identification and Test of Pedestrian Safety Messages for Public Education Programs · 1975 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  37. Proceedings of the National Rural Summit on Traffic Safety Culture 2009 · 2009 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  38. Does the Impact of Anti-Drinking and Driving Public Service Announcements Differ Based on Message Type and Viewer Characteristics? ↗ · 2008 · Santa, Annesa Flentje et al. · indexed
  39. An Assessment of Traffic Safety Culture Related to Engagement in Efforts to Improve Traffic Safety [Summary Report] · 2016 · Ward, Nic et al. · archived
  40. Network: January 1979 · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
  41. Increasing Safety Belt Use by High Risk Drivers · 1991 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  42. Development of advertisements to address risk taking by young drivers ↗ · 2011 · Imberger, K et al. · indexed
  43. Development and Validation of Messaging to Deter Cannabis Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  44. Evaluation of Five Years of GM Funding for Public Information and Education Programs · 2009 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  45. An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages: Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad? · 2008 · Lewis, I. et al. · archived
  46. Creating Safe Transportation Options for College Students -- Change Strategies for Safe Transportation Behaviors · 2005 · Mundorf, Norbert · archived
  47. Changing Drivers' Intentions and Behaviours Using Fear-Based Driver Fatigue Advertisements ↗ · 2002 · Tay, Richard et al. · indexed
  48. Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks in Washington State: High Visibility Enforcement Applied to Share the Road Safely · 2006 · Nerup, Penny et al. · archived
  49. Temporal Trends in Indicators of Traffic Safety Culture among Drivers in the United States, 2009–2012 · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  50. Resources and Tools to Reduce Multiple Risky Driving Behaviors · 2024 · Finley, Kari et al. · archived
  51. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2010 · 2013 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  52. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Ninth Edition, 2017 · 2018 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
  53. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Eighth Edition, 2015 · 2015 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
  54. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 10th Edition, 2020 · 2021 · Venkatraman, Vindhya et al. · archived
  55. Educating Idaho Teenage Drivers of the Dangers of Distracted Driving · 2017 · Larrea, Meagan et al. · archived
  56. A Randomized Field Trial of Smartphone-Based Feedback Designed to Encourage Safe Driving: Comparing Focused and Self-Chosen Goals to Standard Usage-Based Insurance Messaging · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  57. U in the driver seat : a peer-to-peer pilot program for decreasing car crashes by college students. · 2013 · Tisdale, Stacey M. · archived
  58. A Summary Report of Six Demonstration Projects to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving among 21- to 34-Year-Old Drivers · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  59. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Seventh Edition, 2013 · 2013 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
  60. Examining the effectiveness of physical threats in road safety advertising: The role of the third-person effect, gender, and age · 2006 · Lewis, Ioni et al. · archived
  61. The activation of eco-driving mental models: Can text messages prime drivers to use their existing knowledge and skills? · 2017 · Pampel, Sanna M. et al. · archived
  62. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 11th Edition, 2023 · 2023 · Kirley, Bevan et al. · archived
  63. Social Media Practices in Traffic Safety · 2019 · Sack, Rachael et al. · archived
  64. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide For State Highway Safety Offices, Sixth Edition, 2011 · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
  65. Alcohol/Safety Public Information Materials Catalog. Number 5 · 1981 · Grimm, Ann C. et al. · archived
  66. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Fourth Edition, 2009 · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  67. Identification of General Risk-Management Countermeasures for Unsafe Driving Actions. Volume 1, Description and Analysis of Promising Countermeasures · 1981 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  68. Effectiveness of Highway Safety Public Education at Montana Motor Vehicle Registration Stations by Streaming a Variety of Safety Content · 2023 · Villwock-Witte, Natalie et al. · archived
  69. Expanding the Seat Belt Program Strategies Toolbox: A Starter Kit for Trying New Program Ideas · 2016 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  70. Modifying Risk Perception Through Emotion: An Experimental Study Using a Fear Appeal Video Intervention in a Driving Context ↗ · 2026 · Ramos-Moreno, María Ángeles et al. · indexed
  71. Countermeasures for Distracted Driving: An Exploration Beyond the Scientific Literature · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  72. Synthesis of Studies That Relate Amount of Enforcement to Magnitude of Safety Outcomes [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
  73. High Enforcement of Aggressive Traffic Control 2009–2012: An Evaluation of Minnesota’s Three-Year HEAT Project · 2013 · Fleming, Katie et al. · archived
  74. Is road safety effective in promoting eco-driving? An experiment on how benefit framing affects eco-driving intentions among Montreal drivers ↗ · 2026 · St-Arnaud, Valériane Champagne et al. · indexed
  75. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  76. Mitigation of Lane Departure Crashes in the Pacific Northwest through Coordinated Outreach Phase II · 2018 · Hurwitz, David et al. · archived
  77. An Assessment of Traffic Safety Culture Related to Engagement in Efforts to Improve Traffic Safety [Final Report] · 2016 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
  78. Road safety improvement in large companies. An experimental comparison of different measures · 1996 · Gregersen, Nils Petter et al. · archived
  79. Birmingham MPO: Behavioral Safety · 2019 · NHTSA · archived
  80. Program Strategies for Increasing Safety Belt Usage in Rural Areas · 1996 · Bradbard, Steven L. et al. · archived
  81. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects 1985–2013 · 2014 · Agimi, Yll et al. · archived
  82. Investigating the Efficacy of Social Norms Messages to Reduce Smartphone Use Among Young Drivers · 2025 · Gauld, Cassandra et al. · archived
  83. Improving traffic safety culture in Iowa : phase II. · 2013 · Albrecht, Chris et al. · archived
  84. Traffic Safety Materials Catalog: 2004 [NHTSA] · 2004 · NHTSA · archived
  85. Assessing the Effectiveness of Interactive Media in Improving Drowsy Driver Safety ↗ · 2008 · Takayama, Leila et al. · indexed
  86. Technology Transfer: Distracted Driving, Overview Summary of Ways to Alleviate · 2017 · Peters, Robert et al. · archived
  87. Development and Test of a Motivational Approach and Materials for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · Schwalm, Norman D. et al. · archived
  88. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1987–1997 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  89. Incentivizing Safer Driving Using Peer-Pressure · 2018 · Pentland, Alex et al. · archived
  90. Work-related driving safety in light vehicle fleets: A review of past research and the development of an intervention framework · 2010 · Newnam, Sharon et al. · archived
  91. Identification of Countermeasures for Unsafe Driving Actions. Volume 2, a Review of Selected Literature · 1981 · Marks, M. E. (Mary E.) et al. · archived
  92. Traffic safety digest : a compendium of innovative state and community traffic safety projects · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
  93. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1985-1995 and Beyond · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  94. Guidance on Messaging to Avoid Psychological Reactance and Address Moral Disengagement · 2021 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
  95. Norms and Attitudes Related to Alcohol Usage and Driving: A Review of the Relevant Literature. “Suggestions for Developing Prevention Programs to Reduce the Incidence of Alcohol-Impaired Driving” · 1982 · NHTSA · archived
  96. 2024 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  97. Unconscious Motivators and Situational Safety Belt Use: Literature Review and Results from an Expert Panel Meeting · 2006 · Brittle, Christine et al. · archived
  98. Evaluation of Seven Publicized Enforcement Demonstration Programs to Reduce Impaired Driving: Georgia, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Indiana, and Michigan · 2008 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  99. Strategic advertising plans to deter drunk driving · 1996 · Graham, John et al. · archived
  100. May 2003 Click It or Ticket Safety Belt Mobilization Evaluation · 2004 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  101. Aggressive Driving Enforcement: Strategies for Implementing Best Practices · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  102. Evaluation of Community-Oriented Enforcement Demonstration Projects · 2023 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
  103. Application of Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Impact of Smartwatch on Improving Road Traffic Safety: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2022 · Pešić, Duško et al. · indexed
  104. Remarks Prepared for Delivery by Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Hanford Dole at the White House Ceremony for National Drunk and Drugged Driving Awareness Week · 1985 · Dole, Elizabeth Hanford · archived
  105. Evaluation of the ticketing aggressive cars and trucks (TACT) program in Pennsylvania (071408). · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  106. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2010 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
  107. Synthesis of Studies That Relate Amount of Enforcement to Magnitude Of Safety Outcomes · 2022 · Taylor, Catherine et al. · archived
  108. The Effectiveness of Driver Education and Information Programs in the State of Nevada · 2014 · Paz-Cruz, Alexander et al. · archived
  109. The Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2013 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  110. 2023 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  111. A Theory-Based Approach to the Development and Evaluation of Public Education Messages Aimed at Social Interactive Technology Use on Smartphones among Young Drivers · 2017 · Gauld, Cassandra · archived
  112. Experimental Field Test of Proposed Pedestrian Safety Messages. Volume 3 · 1983 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  113. A Systematic Approach to Selection of CMS Messaging During Nonrecurring Events · 2024 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
  114. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group · 2011 · Hedlund, J. et al. · archived
  115. A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety ↗ · 2015 · Sagberg, Fridulv et al. · indexed
  116. West Virginia’s Impaired Driving High Visibility Enforcement Campaign [Traffic Tech] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  117. Evaluation of Kentucky's "You Drink and Drive. You Lose" campaign · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  118. Health-promoting initiatives in Saudi higher education ↗ · 2019 · Alshehri, Saad Zafir · indexed
  119. Evaluation of Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota · 2026 · Raymond, Paula D. et al. · archived
  120. Lessons Learned From Evaluating Maryland's Anti-Drunk Driving Campaign: Assessing the Evidence for Cognitive, Behavioral, and Public Health Impact ↗ · 2007 · Beck, Kenneth H. · indexed
  121. Message from the Media: Drinking and Driving in Newspapers · 1985 · Estep, Rhoda et al. · archived
  122. An Assessment of Publicized Insurance Sanctions as a DWI Countermeasure · 1994 · Murphy, Peter V. et al. · archived
  123. Persuading the Driver ↗ · 2019 · Paraschivoiu, Irina et al. · indexed
  124. Evaluation of the National Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign: 2003–2005 · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  125. Evaluation of Education and Outreach Methods and Strategies - A Case Study of a Web-Based Rail Safety Education Initiative · 2014 · Horton, Suzanne et al. · archived
  126. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2011 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2011 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
  127. Incentive-Based Telematics and Driver Safety: Insights from a Naturalistic Study of Behavioral Change ↗ · 2025 · Kontaxi, Armira et al. · indexed
  128. Trends in public information within the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, 1975. · 1976 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  129. Drinking-driving attitudes, knowledge and behavior : an analysis of the first two telephone surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project. · 1976 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  130. Evidence-Based Behavior Change Campaigns to Improve Traffic Safety Toolkit ↗ · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · indexed
  131. Final Detailed Findings Report for Marketing Plan and Outreach Materials that Promote Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety to Different Hispanic Populations in the United States · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
  132. A Theory of driver motivation : the results of structured group interviews with civic and service club groups : traffic safety views of older drivers. · 1971 · NHTSA · archived
  133. Safe driving evaluation system to enhance motivation for safe driving · 2015 · Hiraoka, Toshihiro et al. · archived
  134. Traffic Safety Education: A Guidebook for State and Civic Officials · 1946 · NHTSA · archived
  135. The Motor-Vehicle Driver: His Nature and Improvement · 1949 · Kramer, Milton D., 1915- · archived
  136. 2022 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  137. The Development and Test of Urban and Rural Pedestrian Safety Messages · 1985 · Preusser, David F. et al. · archived
  138. American Highways Can Be Safer · 1985 · Dole, Elizabeth Hanford · archived
  139. Combining Enforcement and Public Information to Deter DWI: The Experience of Three Communities · 1990 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  140. Encouraging Full Time Use of Safety Belts among Current Part-Time Users · 1991 · Finn, Peter, 1940- et al. · archived
  141. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2012 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2012 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
  142. Remarks Prepared for Delivery by Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Hanford Dole at the National Drunk and Drugged Driving Awareness Week Ceremonies · 1983 · Dole, Elizabeth Hanford · archived
  143. Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety ↗ · 2022 · Mishra, Sushreeta et al. · indexed
  144. Lifetime Driver Learning Initiative · 1997 · Crow, Ed et al. · archived
  145. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration Projects in Connecticut and New York · 2012 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  146. Increasing Teen Safety Belt Use: A Program and Literature Review · 2005 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  147. Traffic safety digest : a compendium of innovative state and community traffic safety projects · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
  148. Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi and Sioux Falls, South Dakota [Traffic Tech] · 2026 · Tucker, Annette et al. · archived
  149. Highway Safety Culture Assessment through Louisiana’s Regions [Summary] · 2023 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
  150. Films for Highway Safety and Traffic Engineers · 1986 · Colpitts, K. · archived
  151. Compendium of Research and Evaluations in Traffic Safety Published · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  152. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2021: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2021 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
  153. 2021 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  154. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2011 : Issue Brief, Summer 2011 · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
  155. Countermeasures That Work: An Introductory Resource for Rural Communities · 2024 · Kostrzewski, Holly et al. · archived
  156. Traffic safety issues in North Dakota : phase II : driver knowledge, attitude, behavior and beliefs : focus group : young male drivers · 2008 · VanWechel, Tamara et al. · archived
  157. Exploring an Alternative Transportation Program to Reduce Impaired Driving · 2001 · Stewart, Kathryn et al. · archived
  158. Trends in public information within the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, 1976. · 1979 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  159. 2020 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2021 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  160. The 2006 National Labor Day Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown: Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest · 2008 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  161. Evaluation of the Aggression Suppression Program, Milwaukee, Wisconsin · 2001 · McCartt, Anne Taylor et al. · archived
  162. The Light Is Red for a Reason: So Stop! · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  163. Building Community Support for Impaired-Driving Enforcement · 2023 · George, Michael D · archived
  164. Evaluation of an in-vehicle monitoring system (IVMS) to reduce risky driving behaviors in commercial drivers: Comparison of in-cab warning lights and supervisory coaching with videos of driving behavior · 2016 · Bell, Jennifer et al. · archived
  165. Enforcement, Adjudication and Public Information Strategies for the General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated: Information for Potential Field Site Participants · 1982 · Anderson, Theodore E. et al. · archived
  166. 2013 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  167. 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  168. Guidance to Promote Family Rules and Workplace Policies to Reduce Cell Phone Use While Driving and Promote Engaged Driving · 2021 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
  169. 2010 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  170. Enhancing Driving Safety Through Proper Message Design on Variable Message Signs · 2005 · Wang, Jyh-Hone et al. · archived
  171. May 2006 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2008 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  172. Roadside advertising and the distraction of driver’s attention · 2017 · Adam, Tarnowski et al. · archived
  173. 2016 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  174. Aggressive driving enforcement : evaluation of two demonstration programs · 2004 · Stuster, Jack, 1947- · archived
  175. West Virginia’s Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign, 2003–2005 · 2007 · Zwicker, T. J. et al. · archived
  176. Investigating the decision-making processes that contribute to impaired driving. · 2015 · Duckworth, M. P. et al. · archived
  177. Evaluation of Kentucky's Click it or Ticket Campaign · 2001 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  178. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Projects in California and Delaware · 2015 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  179. Driver Hazard Response When Processing On-road and In-vehicle Messaging of Non-Safety-Related Information ↗ · 2020 · Deng, Yulin et al. · indexed
  180. Evaluation of the Buckle Up in Your Truck Programs · 2009 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  181. Evaluation of the May 2007 Click It or Ticket Mobilization · 2009 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  182. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined HVE Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee [Traffic Tech] · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
  183. 2014 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  184. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  185. Development and Test of Motivational Approaches for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · McNabb, Sandra D. et al. · archived
  186. Reducing injuries among young drivers: what kind of measures are needed? ↗ · 2015 · Berg, Hans-Yngve · indexed
  187. 2009 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2009 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  188. 2009 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  189. Influence of sexual appeal in roadside advertising on drivers' attention and driving behavior. · 2019 · Maliszewski, Norbert et al. · archived
  190. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign. · 2006 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  191. NHTSA’s Behavioral Safety Research: Updated, Annotated Bibliography, 1985–2013 [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  192. Two Community Distracted Driving Programs Reduce Hand-Held Phone Use [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  193. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign. · 2004 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  194. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined Enforcement Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  195. Norms and Attitudes Related to Alcohol Usage and Driving: A Review of the Relevant Literature. Volume I: A Review of the Literature · 1982 · Korenbaum, Sue · archived
  196. Moving Communities Forward: Social Marketing and Social Change for Transportation · 2019 · Bond, Julie et al. · archived
  197. An analysis of the alcohol curriculum used in the driver education program of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action project. · 1974 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  198. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2025: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2025 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
  199. Effect of psychosocial interventions on risky driving behaviours among offender drivers by using simulated and real driving: study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial ↗ · 2022 · Aliyari, Roqayeh et al. · indexed
  200. Family and Friends Concerned about an Older Driver · 2001 · Sterns, Harvey et al. · archived
  201. Countermeasures That Work – Speeding and Speed Management [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Jeleniewski, S · archived
  202. NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket Campaign, May 2001 · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) · archived
  203. Examination of Cannabis Users’ Perceptions and Self-Reported Behaviors to Inform Messaging to Deter Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  204. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Belt and Child Restraint Usage Programs · 1982 · Nichols, James L. · archived
  205. Identifying Optimal High-Risk Driver Segments for Safety Messaging ↗ · 2015 · Eguakun, George et al. · indexed
  206. Safety First: Safety Precautions on a Rural Road · 2005 · Lewis, Sherman et al. · archived
  207. Increasing Seat Belt Use through State-Level Demonstration Projects: A Compendium of Initial Findings · 2008 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  208. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008 - 2009 · 2013 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  209. Connecticut’s 2003 Impaired-Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign · 2007 · Zwicker, T. J. et al. · archived
  210. Collective risk but individual safety · 1988 · RUMAR, KÁRE · archived
  211. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  212. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  213. White Papers for: "Toward Zero Deaths: A National Strategy on Highway Safety" - White Paper No. 2 - White Paper on Traffic Safety Culture ↗ · 2010 · Ward, Nicholas J. et al. · indexed
  214. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign. · 2005 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  215. Evaluation of Click It or Ticket Model Programs · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  216. The Public Favors a Strong Government Role in Highway Safety · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  217. Reducing Distracted Driving Among Adults: Child-to-Adult Interventions · 2022 · Fisher, D. L. et al. · archived
  218. Effects of Different Intervention Methods on Novice Drivers’ Speeding ↗ · 2019 · Niu, Shi Feng et al. · indexed
  219. 2017 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  220. Controlling road rage : a literature review and pilot study · 1999 · Rathbone, Daniel B. et al. · archived
  221. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Redundancy, Decision Making, and Trust—Safety Message Design Report · 2015 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
  222. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  223. Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  224. A Survey of Traffic Safety Culture Among Iowa Adults · 2012 · Gonnerman Jr, Melvin E et al. · archived
  225. Effectiveness of the May 2005 Rural Demonstration Program and the Click It or Ticket Mobilization in the Great Lakes Region: First Year Results · 2007 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  226. An international comparative study on driving attitudes and behaviors based on questionnaire surveys ↗ · 2021 · Suzuki, Kazufumi et al. · indexed
  227. New Materials Promote Safety Belt Usage · 1977 · NHTSA · archived
  228. Interactional instruction in the teaching of driver education. · 1972 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
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