takeover transitions

Control-handover events in conditional and high automation: the transition of vehicle control from system to human (or back), takeover request timing, takeover reaction time, takeover quality, and driver re-engagement after disengagement. Concerns the handover event and its dynamics specifically, NOT the SAE level that requires it (l3_conditional) or whether the driver knows which mode is active (mode_awareness).

219 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Towards Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transitions: A Systematic Review of Takeover Time, Time Budget, and Takeover Performance · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
2. Takeover performance according to the level of disengagement during automated driving · 2022 · Gallouin, Evan et al. · archived
3. Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance · 2015 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
4. Noncritical State Transitions During Conditionally Automated Driving on German Freeways: Effects of Non–Driving Related Tasks on Takeover Time and Takeover Quality ↗ · 2019 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
5. Takeover Time in Highly Automated Vehicles: Noncritical Transitions to and From Manual Control ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
6. Transition to manual: Driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle ↗ · 2014 · Merat, Natasha et al. · indexed
7. Handovers and Resumption of Control in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
8. Toward Computational Simulations of Behavior During Automated Driving Takeovers: A Review of the Empirical and Modeling Literatures · 2019 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · archived
9. Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness ↗ · 2020 · Vogelpohl, Tobias et al. · indexed
10. Toward Computational Simulations of Behavior During Automated Driving Takeovers: A Review of the Empirical and Modeling Literatures · 2019 · McDonald, Anthony D et al. · archived
11. The Effect of Urgency of Take-Over Requests During Highly Automated Driving Under Distraction Conditions · 2021 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · archived
12. Take-Over Performance and Safety Analysis Under Different Scenarios and Secondary Tasks in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2019 · Wu, Chaozhong et al. · archived
13. Coming back into the loop: Drivers’ perceptual-motor performance in critical events after automated driving · 2017 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
14. Adaptive Time Budgets for Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
15. Tunneled In ↗ · 2017 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
16. Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · archived
17. Reaction Times When Switching From Autonomous to Manual Driving Control ↗ · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
18. “Take over!” How long does it take to get the driver back into the loop? ↗ · 2013 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
19. Transition of Control: Automation Giving Back Control to the Driver · 2021 · Willemsen, Dehlia et al. · archived
20. Your Interface, Your Control: Adapting Takeover Requests for Seamless Handover in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles · 2025 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
21. Emergency, Automation Off: Unstructured Transition Timing for Distracted Drivers of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
22. Taking Over Control From Highly Automated Vehicles in Complex Traffic Situations ↗ · 2016 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
23. Human-Centered Intervention Based on Tactical-Level Input in Unscheduled Takeover Scenarios for Highly-Automated Vehicles · 2020 · Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
24. Modeling Drivers’ Takeover Behavior Depending on the Criticality of Driving Situations and the Complexity of Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
25. Decoding Driver Takeover Behaviour in Conditional Automation with Immersive Virtual Reality · 2024 · Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad et al. · archived
26. Take-Over Requests for Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Melcher, Vivien et al. · indexed
27. Incorporating different phases of situation awareness information into the design of advanced takeover requests for urgent takeover scenarios ↗ · 2026 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
28. Autonomous Vehicles that Alert Humans to Take-Over Controls: Modeling with Real-World Data · 2021 · Rangesh, Akshay et al. · archived
29. Effects of unreliable automation, non-driving related task, and takeover time budget on drivers’ takeover performance and workload ↗ · 2022 · Shahini, Farzaneh et al. · indexed
30. Time Required for Take-over from Automated to Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · Ito, Toshio et al. · indexed
31. Timing of unstructured transitions of control in automated driving ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
32. A quantitative model of takeover request time budget for conditionally automated driving · 2024 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
33. Evaluating Effects of Cognitive Load, Takeover Request Lead Time, and Traffic Density on Drivers' Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
34. Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2021 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
35. The Effects of Lead Time of Take-Over Request and Nondriving Tasks on Taking-Over Control of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2018 · Wan, Jingyan et al. · indexed
36. Assessment of Driver Situation for Control Authority Transition from Conditionally Automated Vehicles using Chassis and Galvanic Skin Response Sensors ↗ · 2025 · Dogan, Daghan et al. · indexed
37. Determining Key Parameters with Data-Assisted Analysis of Conditionally Automated Driving · 2023 · Gruden, Timotej et al. · archived
38. Driving Performance After Self-Regulated Control Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
39. Examining the Role of Driver Perception in Takeover Time: Application of Task-Capability Interface Theory ↗ · 2024 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
40. Transfer from Highly Automated to Manual Control: Performance & Trust · 2016 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · archived
41. Systematic review and meta-analysis of take-over time from automated driving at SAE levels 2 and 3 to manual control ↗ · 2025 · Sekadakis, Marios et al. · indexed
42. Transitioning back from SAE-L3 autonomy – comparing traded and shared control ↗ · 2020 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
43. Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Karimi, Arastoo et al. · indexed
44. Takeover performance evaluation using driving simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2021 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
45. Psychophysiological responses to takeover requests in conditionally automated driving · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · archived
46. The influence of time-criticality on Situation Awareness when retrieving human control after automated driving ↗ · 2013 · van den Beukel, Arie Paul et al. · indexed
47. Examining effects of scenario type and vehicle speed on takeover readiness and performance in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
48. Predicting drivers’ takeover time for safe and comfortable vehicle control transitions: The role of spare capacity and driver characteristics ↗ · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
49. Guiding Driver Responses During Manual Takeovers from Automated Vehicles · 2023 · Greatbatch, Richard et al. · archived
50. Design of Conditional Driving Automation Variables to Improve Takeover Performance ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
51. Examining the Effects of Emotional Valence and Arousal on Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2020 · Zhou, Feng et al. · archived
52. Multidimensional Assessment of Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
53. Modeling of takeover variables with respect to driver situation awareness and workload for intelligent driver assistance ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
54. After Vehicle Automation Fails: Analysis of Driver Steering Behavior after a Sudden Deactivation of Control · 2018 · DinparastDjadid, Azadeh et al. · archived
55. A Systematic Review of Metrics Measuring Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
56. Development of Situational Awareness Enhancing System for Manual Takeover of AV · 2023 · Li, Yujie et al. · archived
57. National Advanced Driving Simulator Measures Driver Interactions with Automated Driving System · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
58. Utilization of Drivetime – Performing Non-Driving Related Tasks While Driving Highly Automated ↗ · 2015 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
59. Prediction of take-over time in highly automated driving by two psychometric tests · 2015 · Körber, Moritz et al. · archived
60. Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
61. Predicting Driver Takeover Performance in Conditional Automation (Level 3) through Physiological Sensing · 2024 · Deng, Min et al. · archived
62. Using Human-Machine Interfaces To Convey Feedback in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · Shull, Emily et al. · archived
63. Predicting Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
64. Where drivers are looking at during takeover: Implications for safe takeovers during conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
65. Koordination von Übernahmemanövern beim hochautomatisierten Fahren unter Berücksichtigung der Fahrerverfügbarkeit Coordination of Takeover Maneuvers in Highly Automated Driving Considering Driver Availability · 2021 · Albers, Franz et al. · archived
66. Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2017 · Walch, Marcel et al. · indexed
67. How Traffic Situations and Non-Driving Related Tasks Affect the Take-Over Quality in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2014 · Radlmayr, Jonas et al. · indexed
68. Übernahmeaufforderungen beim hochautomatisierten Fahren mit fahrfremden Tätigkeiten – welche Modalitäten sind geeignet? Takeover requests at conditional automated driving with non-driving related activities—which are suitable modalities? · 2022 · Müller, Andreas Lars et al. · archived
69. The Effect of Fatigue on Take-over Performance in Urgent Situations in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Feldhutter, Anna et al. · indexed
70. The implication of non-driving activities on situation awareness and take-over performance in level 3 automation ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Lichao et al. · indexed
71. Countermeasures To Detect and Combat Inattention While Driving Partially Automated Systems · 2023 · Paras, Carolina Rodriguez et al. · archived
72. Driver Inattention During Vehicle Automation: How Does Driver Engagement Affect Resumption Of Control? ↗ · 2015 · Louw, Tyron et al. · indexed
73. Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts ↗ · 2015 · Blanco, Myra et al. · indexed
74. Post-Takeover Proficiency in Conditionally Automated Driving: Understanding Stabilization Time with Driving and Physiological Signals ↗ · 2024 · Gruden, Timotej et al. · indexed
75. Safe Control Transitions: Machine Vision Based Observable Readiness Index and Data-Driven Takeover Time Prediction · 2023 · Greer, Ross et al. · archived
76. Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
77. Minimum Time to Situational Awareness During Transfer of Control Under Varying Levels of Task Load · 2020 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
78. The Challenges of Driving Mode Switching in Automated Vehicles: A Review ↗ · 2023 · Hu, Lin et al. · indexed
79. Control Transition Interfaces in Semiautonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
80. Applicability of risky decision-making theory to understand drivers' behaviour during transitions of control in vehicle automation · 2019 · GONÇALVES, Rafael Cirino et al. · archived
81. Effects of Non-Driving Related Task Modalities on Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Wandtner, Bernhard et al. · indexed
82. Effects of Level 3 Automated Vehicle Drivers’ Fatigue on Their Take-Over Behaviour: A Literature Review ↗ · 2021 · Guo, Hanying et al. · indexed
83. Bridging Gaps Among Human, Assisted, and Automated Driving With DVIs: A Conceptional Experimental Study ↗ · 2018 · Wang, Jiao et al. · indexed
84. Predicting driver takeover performance in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
85. Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers' Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Alsaid, Areen et al. · indexed
86. Influence of Surrounding Traffic and System Behaviors on Driver-Initiated Automation Disengagements in Urban Overtaking Scenarios ↗ · 2025 · Muslim, Husam et al. · indexed
87. DeepTake: Prediction of Driver Takeover Behavior using Multimodal Data · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · archived
88. Predicting Takeover Performance and Identifying Behavioral Patterns in Autonomous Vehicles Based on Readiness State and Scenario Complexity ↗ · 2025 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
89. Highly automated driving: the role of visuo-attentional and executive abilities in take-over success · 2025 · Schnebelen, Damien et al. · archived
90. A Bayesian Regression Analysis of the Effects of Alert Presence and Scenario Criticality on Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance ↗ · 2023 · Alambeigi, Hananeh et al. · indexed
91. Determination of Takeover Time Budget Based on Analysis of Driver Behavior · 2022 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
92. The Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Engagement on Automated Driving Takeover Performance During the Nighttime ↗ · 2022 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
93. Impact of take-over control mechanisms on merging operations of conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Karimi, Arastoo et al. · indexed
94. Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Attributes on Takeover Quality in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Seul Chan et al. · indexed
95. Linking Behaviour and Perception to Evaluate Meaningful Human Control over Partially Automated Driving · 2026 · George, Ashwin et al. · archived
96. Modeling Driver Behavior during Automated Vehicle Platooning Failures · 2021 · McDonald, Anthony D et al. · archived
97. Effects of integrated takeover request warning with personal portable device on takeover time and post-takeover performance in level 3 driving automation ↗ · 2024 · Talukder, Niloy et al. · indexed
98. Effects of Traffic Conditions on Driver Takeover Performance and Situational Awareness ↗ · 2023 · Jia, Lesong et al. · indexed
99. The role of take-over cue informativity in interrupted take-over requests in a semi-automated driving scenario · 2026 · Berger, Alexander et al. · archived
100. Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
101. Prior Familiarization With Takeover Requests Affects Drivers’ Takeover Performance and Automation Trust ↗ · 2017 · Hergeth, Sebastian et al. · indexed
102. Exploring driving anger-caused impairment of takeover performance among professional taxi drivers · 2024 · Pan, Hengyan et al. · archived
103. Confidence Horizon for a Dynamic Balance between Drivers and Vehicle Automation: First Sketch and Application · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas et al. · archived
104. Exploring the Impact of the Takeover Time for Conditionally Automated Driving Vehicles on Traffic Flow in Highway Merging Area ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Qingchao et al. · indexed
105. An Analysis of Driver-Initiated Takeovers during Assisted Driving and their Effect on Driver Satisfaction · 2024 · Schwager, Robin et al. · archived
106. Which accuracy levels of positioning technologies do drivers really need in connected vehicle settings for safety? · 2021 · Du, Na et al. · archived
107. Wake Up and Take Over! The Effect of Fatigue on the Take-over Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Feldhutter, Anna et al. · indexed
108. Cooperation Between Vehicle and Driver: Predicting the Driver’s Takeover Capability in Cooperative Automated Driving Based on Orientation Patterns · 2024 · Herzberger, Nicolas et al. · archived
109. Impact of duration of monitoring before takeover request on takeover time with insights into eye tracking data ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
110. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
111. Attentive User Interfaces to Improve Multitasking and Take-Over Performance in Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
112. Human Factors of Driving Automation: Evasive Maneuver Event Response Evaluation · 2023 · Britten, Nicholas N et al. · archived
113. Visual gaze and engagement with non-driving related tasks: a driving simulator study with automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
114. Predicting Take-over Time for Autonomous Driving with Real-World Data:\n Robust Data Augmentation, Models, and Evaluation · 2021 · Rangesh, Akshay et al. · archived
115. I’ve Got the Power: Exploring the Impact of Cooperative Systems on Driver-Initiated Takeovers and Trust in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Woide, Marcel et al. · indexed
116. Putting the Brakes on Autonomous Vehicle Control ↗ · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
117. Distraction Becomes Engagement in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Miller, David et al. · indexed
118. Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Yu, Dongyeon et al. · indexed
119. Effects of Task-Induced Fatigue in Prolonged Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
120. Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Technologies for Their Impact on Traffic Safety and Traffic Congestion · 2020 · Miles, James et al. · archived
121. A Contextual Multimodal System for Increasing Situation Awareness and Takeover Quality in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2023 · Capallera, Marine et al. · archived
122. Towards standardized metrics for measuring takeover performance in conditionally automated driving: A systematic review · 2021 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · archived
123. Actions speak louder: Effects of a transforming steering wheel on post-transition driver performance ↗ · 2017 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
124. Designing for the Extremes: Modeling Drivers’ Response Time to Take Back Control From Automation Using Bayesian Quantile Regression ↗ · 2021 · DinparastDjadid, Azadeh et al. · indexed
125. Stabilization Time after Mode Switch in Conditionally Automated Driving: Focusing on Drivers Cognitive Load and Visual Attention ↗ · 2025 · Li, Yujin et al. · indexed
126. Stabilization Time after Mode Switch in Conditionally Automated Driving: Focusing on Drivers’ Cognitive Load and Visual Attention ↗ · 2025 · Li, Yujin et al. · indexed
127. Supporting Driver Attention Toward Potential Hazards During Takeover: A Preliminary Result ↗ · 2024 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
128. The More You Know: Trust Dynamics and Calibration in Highly Automated Driving and the Effects of Take-Overs, System Malfunction, and System Transparency · 2019 · Kraus, Johannes et al. · archived
129. Who is performing the driving tasks after interventions? Investigating drivers' understanding of mode transition logic in automated vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · indexed
130. An Evaluation of Inclusive Dialogue-Based Interfaces for the Takeover of Control in Autonomous Cars ↗ · 2018 · Politis, Ioannis et al. · indexed
131. Takeover Transition in Autonomous Vehicles: A YouTube Study · 2019 · Zhou, Feng et al. · archived
132. From Car-Driver-Handovers to Cooperative Interfaces: Visions for Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Walch, Marcel et al. · indexed
133. Human Factors Aspects of the Transfer of Control from the Driver to the Automated Highway System · 1995 · Bloomfield, John R. et al. · archived
134. Human factors implications of vehicle automation: Current understanding and future directions · 2014 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
135. Optimal Time Intervals in Two-Stage Takeover Warning Systems With Insight Into the Drivers’ Neuroticism Personality ↗ · 2021 · Zhang, Wei et al. · indexed
136. Impact of Road Event Recognition Reliability in Autonomous Vehicles on Driver Trust and Takeover Performance · 2025 · Chen, Shan-chih et al. · archived
137. Predicting Driver Errors during Automated Vehicle Takeovers · 2023 · Alambeigi, Hananeh et al. · archived
138. Semi-automated versus highly automated driving in critical situations caused by automation failures · 2014 · Strand, Niklas et al. · archived
139. Time to Focus on the Road: Adaptive Monitoring Requests Design for Attentional Shift in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Lim, Yeonsu et al. · indexed
140. Effects of non-driving related tasks on mental workload and take-over times during conditional automated driving · 2021 · Müller, Andreas et al. · archived
141. Typology of Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to Uncomfortable Automated Driving Operations · 2024 · Beggiato, Matthias et al. · archived
142. Control Transferring between Automated and Manual Driving using Shared Control ↗ · 2017 · Saito, Takahiro et al. · indexed
143. The effect of varying levels of vehicle automation on drivers' lane changing behaviour. · 2018 · Madigan, Ruth et al. · archived
144. Steer-By-WiFi ↗ · 2018 · Schartmüller, Clemens et al. · indexed
145. Identifying novice drivers in need of hazard perception ability improvement for takeover performance ↗ · 2024 · Weng, Shixuan et al. · indexed
146. Hazards associated with planned transitions in automated driving: A simulator study ↗ · 2022 · Hasegawa, Kunihiro et al. · indexed
147. Effect of different alcohol levels on take-over performance in conditionally automated driving · 2018 · Wiedemann, Katharina et al. · archived
148. Human system patterns for interaction and cooperation of automated vehicles and humans ↗ · 2023 · Flemisch, Frank et al. · indexed
149. Impact of Personality on Takeover Time and Maneuvers Shortly After Takeover Request ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
150. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
151. Evaluation of Take-Over Request Lead Time Based on Driving Behavioral Interaction Between Autonomous Vehicles and Manual Vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Ko, Jieun et al. · indexed
152. The influence of cognitive ability on older adults’ ability to take over driving control from an automated vehicle ↗ · 2021 · Haghzare, Shabnam et al. · indexed
153. Preface to the Special Section on Human Factors and Automation in Vehicles · 2012 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
154. Look Up! An Eye-Tracking Study on Situation Awareness During Automated Vehicle Takeover ↗ · 2021 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
155. Cognitive load and task switching in drivers: Implications for road safety in semi-autonomous vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Xu, Jinhui et al. · indexed
156. Exploring the Relationship Between Drivers’ Stationary Gaze Entropy and Situation Awareness in a Level-3 Automation Driving Simulation ↗ · 2024 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
157. The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance ↗ · 2016 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
158. Dynamics of Affective States During Takeover Requests in Conditionally Automated Driving Among Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment · 2025 · Hajian, Gelareh et al. · archived
159. Take over Gradually in Conditional Automated Driving: The Effect of Two-stage Warning Systems on Situation Awareness, Driving Stress, Takeover Performance, and Acceptance ↗ · 2020 · Ma, Shu et al. · indexed
160. Disengagement from driving when using automation during a 4-week field trial ↗ · 2021 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
161. Devil in the details: Systematic review of TOR signals in automated driving with a generic classification framework ↗ · 2022 · Jansen, Reinier J. et al. · indexed
162. A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials ↗ · 2019 · Corcoran, Nicole et al. · indexed
163. Training to Improve Drivers’ Behavior When Partial Driving Automation Fails · 2020 · Roberts, Shannon C et al. · archived
164. PRECURSOR SYSTEM ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME III: AUTOMATED CHECK-OUT · 1995 · Turan, Levent et al. · archived
165. A Predictive Model of Driver Response in an Autonomous Environment ↗ · 2015 · Samuel, Siby et al. · indexed
166. Examining the impacts of drivers’ emotions on takeover readiness and performance in highly automated driving · 2019 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
167. Understanding Driver-Automated Vehicle Interactions Through Wizard of Oz Design Improvisation ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
168. Examining the impacts of drivers' emotions on takeover readiness and performance in highly automated driving · 2019 · Du, Na et al. · archived
169. A transforming steering wheel for highly automated cars ↗ · 2015 · Kerschbaum, Philipp et al. · indexed
170. Effects of User Interfaces on Take-Over Performance: A Review of the Empirical Evidence · 2021 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
171. Insights for the Future of Car Rental and Ridesharing: Driving Behavior Across Different Levels of Automation · 2025 · Meda, Pranav et al. · archived
172. Adaptations in driver behaviour characteristics during control transitions from full-range Adaptive Cruise Control to manual driving: an on-road study ↗ · 2020 · Varotto, Silvia F. et al. · indexed
173. Behavioural changes in drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control in varying traffic conditions · 2013 · Jamson, A. Hamish et al. · archived
174. Haptic shared control: smoothly shifting control authority? · 2011 · Abbink, David A. et al. · archived
175. How Do Drivers Behave in a Highly Automated Car? ↗ · 2009 · Merat, Natasha et al. · indexed
176. An eHMI Presenting Request-to-Intervene and Takeover Status of Level 3 Automated Vehicles to Support Surrounding Traffic Safety · 2026 · Liu, Hailong et al. · archived
177. Reliable and transparent in-vehicle agents lead to higher behavioral trust in conditionally automated driving systems · 2023 · Taylor, Skye et al. · archived
178. Toward Minimum Startle After Take-Over Request: A Preliminary Study of Physiological Data ↗ · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · indexed
179. Age-related effects of executive function on takeover performance in automated driving · 2022 · Peng, Qijia et al. · archived
180. Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles [supporting dataset] · 2019 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
181. Do drivers change their manual car-following behaviour after automated car-following? · 2020 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
182. Post Take-Over Performance Varies in Drivers of Automated and Connected Vehicle Technology in Near-Miss Scenarios · 2024 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · archived
183. Identifying Deviations from Normal Driving Behavior · 2022 · Hananeh Alambeigi, H et al. · archived
184. Take-over performance in evasive manoeuvres · 2017 · Happee, Riender et al. · archived
185. Training to Improve Drivers’ Behavior When Partial Driving Automation Fails [supporting datasets] · 2022 · Roberts, Shannon C et al. · archived
186. Drowsiness in Conditional Automation: Proneness, diagnosis and driving performance effects ↗ · 2016 · Gonçalves, Joel et al. · indexed
187. Designing Alert Systems in Takeover Transitions: The Effects of Display Information and Modality ↗ · 2021 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
188. Towards Cooperative Driving: Involving the Driver in an Autonomous Vehicle's Decision Making · 2016 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
189. Driving performance after an extended period of travel in an automated highway system · 1998 · Bloomfield, John R. et al. · archived
190. An Exploratory Study of Driver Response to Reduced System Confidence Notifications in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Tijerina, Louis et al. · indexed
191. From Manual Driving to Automated Driving · 2019 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
192. Drivers’ situational awareness of surrounding vehicles during takeovers: Evidence from a driving simulator study ↗ · 2024 · Jia, Lesong et al. · indexed
193. The Driver's Response to an Automated Highway System With Reduced Capability · 1996 · Bloomfield, John R. et al. · archived
194. A comparative simulator study of reaction times to yellow traffic light under manual and automated driving · 2021 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · archived
195. Examining Driver Situation Awareness in the Takeover Process of Conditionally Automated Driving With the Effect of Age ↗ · 2024 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
196. Fully Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Payre, William et al. · indexed
197. Human Factors in the Automated Highway System: Transferring Control to the Driver · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
198. Driver heterogeneity in willingness to give control to conditional automation · 2024 · Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad et al. · archived
199. Effects of Work Zone Infrastructure on Transitioning from Automated to Manual Driving for Work Zones with Lane Reductions · 2024 · Sanchez, Robert et al. · archived
200. Effects of non-driving related tasks during autonomous driving · 2023 · Horáková, Miroslava · archived
201. Examining Driver Takeover Decisions and Trust of AVs at Rural Intersections · 2026 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
202. Correct and faulty driver support from shared haptic control during evasive maneuvers ↗ · 2011 · Mulder, Mark et al. · indexed
203. Enhancing the Driver's Comprehension of ADS's System Limitations: An HMI for Providing Request-to-Intervene Trigger Information · 2023 · Matsuo, Ryuji et al. · archived
204. A dataset on the physiological state and behavior of drivers in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Meteier, Quentin et al. · indexed
205. Effects of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Location on Driver Task Performance, Eye Gaze Behavior, and Workload During Conditionally Automated Driving: Nondriving-Related Task and Take-Over ↗ · 2024 · Ban, Gayoung et al. · indexed
206. Enjoy the Ride Consciously with CAWA: Context-Aware Advisory Warnings for Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · indexed
207. Attention and Threat Detection: Warnings and How They Affect Takeover Performance ↗ · 2020 · Brunsen, Emily et al. · indexed
208. Secondary Tasks and Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Jones, Vanessa et al. · indexed
209. Characterizing Level 2 Automation in a Naturalistic Driving Fleet · 2024 · Perez, Miguel A et al. · archived
210. Counteracting driver fatigue in the context of conditional automated driving: an individualized and overarching approach ↗ · 2026 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
211. Back to the future: Brake reaction times for manual and automated vehicles ↗ · 2006 · Young, Mark S. et al. · indexed
212. Can EEG Measurements be Used to Estimate the Performance of Taking over Control from an Autonomous Vehicle for Different Levels of Distracted Driving? An Explorative Study ↗ · 2022 · Van Miltenburg, Maykel M.P.G. et al. · indexed
213. Toward Shared Control Between Automated Vehicles and Users · 2020 · Terken, Jacques et al. · archived
214. Are Drivers Allowed to Sleep? Sleep Inertia Effects Drivers’ Performance after Different Sleep Durations in Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Schwarze, Doreen et al. · indexed
215. Supervising High Degree Automation in Simulated Air Traffic Control ↗ · 2018 · Bowden, Vanessa et al. · indexed
216. Driver intervention performance assessment as a key aspect of L3–L4 automated vehicles deployment ↗ · 2021 · Rodak, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
217. Participants' speed-accuracy trade-off behavior in high-stress situations in simulator studies · 2024 · Usai, Marcel et al. · archived
218. Event-Triggered Deep Reinforcement Learning Using Parallel Control: A Case Study in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2023 · Lu, Jingwei et al. · indexed
219. Novel coordinated power sources switching strategy for transient performance enhancement of hybrid electric vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Oubelaid, Adel et al. · indexed