control interfaces
Driver input controls and how drivers physically operate the vehicle: steering-wheel buttons and switches, knobs, center-stack touchscreens, pedals, stalks, and gesture or rotary controllers. This is the input side of the HMI, distinct from the visual output surface it drives (display_design) and from the sensory alert channels that push information back to the driver (feedback_modes, haptic_feedback, auditory_warnings).
Relevant standards
- ADR 18/03 — Australian Design Rule 18/03 – Instrumentation
- ADR 42/05 — Australian Design Rule 42/05 – General Safety Requirements
- CMVSS 101 — Controls, Tell-tales, Indicators and Sources of Illumination
- FMVSS 101 — Controls and Displays
- FMVSS 102 — Standard No. 102; Transmission shift position sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect
- GB/T 20608-2006 — Intelligent transportation systems — Adaptive cruise control systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
- GB/T 39323-2020 — Performance requirement and testing method for lane keeping assist (LKA) system of passenger cars
- GB/T 41796-2022 — Performance requirements and test methods for lane keeping assist system of commercial vehicles
- ISO 12214:2018 — Road vehicles — Direction-of-motion stereotypes for automotive hand controls
- ISO 15005:2017 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Dialogue management principles and compliance procedures
- ISO 16121-1:2012 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic requirements for the driver's workplace in line-service buses — Part 1: General description, basic requirements
- ISO 16121-3:2011 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic requirements for the driver's workplace in line-service buses — Part 3: Information devices and controls
- ISO 22840:2010 — Intelligent transport systems — Devices to aid reverse manoeuvres — Extended-range backing aid systems (ERBA)
- ISO 23375:2023 — Intelligent transport systems — Collision evasive lateral manoeuvre systems (CELM) — Requirements and test procedures
- ISO 2575:2021 — Road vehicles — Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
- ISO 2575:2021/Amd 1:2024 — Road vehicles — Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales — Amendment 1
- ISO 3958:1996 — Passenger cars — Driver hand-control reach
- ISO 4040:2009 — Road vehicles — Location of hand controls, indicators and tell-tales in motor vehicles
- JIS D 0032:2011 — Road vehicles — Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
- SAE J1052 — Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position
- SAE J1100 — Motor Vehicle Dimensions
- SAE J1138 — Design Criteria - Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10,000 GVW and Under)
- SAE J1139 — Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand Controls
- SAE J1516 — Accommodation Tool Reference Point for Class B Vehicles
- SAE J1517 — Driver Selected Seat Position for Class B Vehicles - Seat Track Length and SgRP
- SAE J2399 — Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Operating Characteristics and User Interface
- SAE J2402 — Road Vehicles - Symbols for Controls, Indicators, and Tell-Tales
- SAE J287 — Driver Hand Control Reach
- SAE J4002 — H-Point Machine (HPM-II) Specifications and Procedure for H-Point Determination — Auditing Vehicle Seats
- SAE J826 — Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation
- UN ECE R121 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the location and identification of hand controls, tell-tales and indicators
- UN ECE R141 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
- UN ECE R28 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of audible warning devices and of motor vehicles with regard to their audible signals
- UN ECE R39 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the speedometer and odometer equipment including its installation
115 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic
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Gestural Interaction with In-Vehicle Audio and Climate Controls ↗ · 2010 · Chung, Chongyoon et al. · indexed
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Frequently Used Vehicle Controls While Driving: A Real-World Driving Study Assessing Internal Human–Machine Interface Task Frequencies and Influencing Factors ↗ · 2025 · Harms, Ilse M. et al. · indexed
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Biologically Inspired Automotive User Interfaces for Partially and Highly Automated Maneuver Gestures: Final Results and Outlook · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas Daniel et al. · archived
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Intermodal differences in distraction effects while controlling automotive user interfaces ↗ · 2001 · Geiger, Michael et al. · indexed
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Investigating the roles of touchscreen and physical control interface characteristics on driver distraction and multitasking performance. · 2016 · Ferris, Thomas K. et al. · archived
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Possible applications for gestures while driving · 2018 · Zöller, Ilka et al. · archived
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Optimal interface location and limits of gesture proficiency in an automobile ↗ · 2012 · Eisert, Jesse L. et al. · indexed
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The Impacts of Touchscreen and Physical Control Interface Characteristics on Driver Distraction and Attention Management ↗ · 2016 · Suh, Youngbo et al. · indexed
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Effect of Vehicle Control Format on Driver Performance and Attention Allocation under Adaptive Cruise Control ↗ · 2018 · Deng, Yulin et al. · indexed
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Effects of Smart Cockpit Steering Wheel Control Gestures on List Selection Tasks ↗ · 2025 · Xu, Wenxia et al. · indexed
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Type-o-Steer: Reimagining the Steering Wheel for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks in Conditionally Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Schartmüller, Clemens et al. · indexed
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On-Road Evaluation of In-vehicle Interface Characteristics and Their Effects on Performance of Visual Detection on the Road and Manual Entry · 2018 · Suh, Youngbo et al. · archived
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An interactive haptic force feedback interface for semi-automatic control in highly-automated vehicles · 2018 · KAMEZAKI, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
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Conduct-by-Wire : following a new paradigm for driving into the future ↗ · 2006 · Winner, Hermann et al. · indexed
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The impact of visual user interfaces on drivers’ understanding of driving control mode and hands-on steering wheel requirement in Level 2 automated vehicles · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
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Using a user-independent approach for automotive human-machine interface assessment · 2018 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
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A tactile interaction concept for in-car passenger infotainment systems · 2019 · Berger, Melanie et al. · archived
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Developing a car gesture interface for use as a secondary task ↗ · 2003 · Alpern, Micah et al. · indexed
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Towards an Integrated Adaptive Automotive HMI for the Future · 2011 · Amditis, Angelos et al. · archived
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Improving Driver Performance and Experience in Assisted and Automated Driving With Visual Cues in the Steering Wheel ↗ · 2022 · Diederichs, Frederik et al. · indexed
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A transforming steering wheel for highly automated cars ↗ · 2015 · Kerschbaum, Philipp et al. · indexed
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Model-based Evaluation of Driver Control Workloads in Haptic-based Driver Assistance Systems · 2022 · Mbanisi, Kenechukwu C. et al. · archived
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Actions speak louder: Effects of a transforming steering wheel on post-transition driver performance ↗ · 2017 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of a customizable haptic feedback system for ground vehicle steer-by-wire interfaces ↗ · 2012 · Mandhata, U. B. et al. · indexed
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Haptic Interface for Vehicular Touch Screens · 2013 · Colgate, J. Edward et al. · archived
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Human factors of in-vehicle driver information systems : an executive summary · 1997 · Green, P. · archived
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Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Human-centered Steer-by-Wire design: Steering wheel dynamics should be task dependent ↗ · 2012 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
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Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Karimi, Arastoo et al. · indexed
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Haptic shared control: smoothly shifting control authority? · 2011 · Abbink, David A. et al. · archived
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Preliminary Human Factors Design Guidelines For Driver Information Systems · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
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Human-Centered Intervention Based on Tactical-Level Input in Unscheduled Takeover Scenarios for Highly-Automated Vehicles · 2020 · Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
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Towards Multimodal Error Management:Experimental Evaluation of User Strategies in Event of Faulty Application Behavior in Automotive Environments ↗ · 2004 · McGlaun, Gregor et al. · indexed
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An Evaluation of Inclusive Dialogue-Based Interfaces for the Takeover of Control in Autonomous Cars ↗ · 2018 · Politis, Ioannis et al. · indexed
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Usability testing of three visual HMIs for assisted driving: How design impacts driver distraction and mental models · 2023 · Perrier, Mickaël J. R. et al. · archived
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The Effect of Haptic Support Systems on Driver Performance: A Literature Survey ↗ · 2015 · Petermeijer, Sebastiaan M. et al. · indexed
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Data-Driven Controller for Drivers’ Steering-Wheel Operating Behaviour in Haptic Assistive Driving System ↗ · 2024 · Tientcheu, Simplice Igor Noubissie et al. · indexed
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Experimental Design for Human-in-the-Loop Driving Simulations · 2014 · Driggs-Campbell, Katherine et al. · archived
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Autonomous is Not Enough: Designing Multisensory Mid-Air Gestures for Vehicle Interactions Among People with Visual Impairments ↗ · 2023 · Fink, Paul D. S. et al. · indexed
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Learning haptic feedback for guiding driver behavior ↗ · 2005 · Goodrich, Michael A. et al. · indexed
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From HMI to HMIs: Towards an HMI Framework for Automated Driving · 2020 · Bengler, Klaus et al. · archived
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Exploring the Use of Mid-Air Ultrasonic Feedback to Enhance Automotive User Interfaces ↗ · 2018 · Harrington, Kyle et al. · indexed
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Lateral control assistance in car driving: classification, review and future prospects ↗ · 2011 · Navarro, J. et al. · indexed
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Power-Steering Control Architecture for Automatic Driving · 2005 · Naranjo, José Eugenio et al. · archived
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Mode confusion of human–machine interfaces for automated vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Eom, Hwisoo et al. · indexed
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Modeling and analysis of driver behaviour under shared control through weighted visual and haptic guidance · 2022 · Wang, Zheng et al. · archived
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A Review of Shared Control for Automated Vehicles: Theory and Applications · 2020 · Marcano, Mauricio et al. · archived
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Impact of take-over control mechanisms on merging operations of conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Karimi, Arastoo et al. · indexed
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An Adaptive and Personalized In-Vehicle Human-Machine-Interface for an Improved User Experience ↗ · 2020 · Reyes, Guillermo · indexed
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Towards cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-Mode and Conduct-by-Wire ↗ · 2014 · Flemisch, Frank et al. · indexed
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Control Transition Interfaces in Semiautonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
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Justifying the structure of the improved mechanism for manual control of motor vehicles’ pedals · 2024 · Korendiy, Vitaliy et al. · archived
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Sensor-based assessment of the in-situ quality of human computer interaction in the cars : final research report. · 2016 · Kim, SeungJun et al. · archived
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Understanding the effects of peripheral vision and muscle memory on in‐vehicle touchscreen interactions ↗ · 2018 · Eren, Ayse Leyla et al. · indexed
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Highly automated driving with a decoupled steering wheel ↗ · 2014 · Kerschbaum, Philipp et al. · indexed
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Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Automated Highway System Designers. Volume 1: Guidelines for AHS Designers · 1995 · Levitan, Lee et al. · archived
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User-centered Design Criteria in Next Generation Vehicle Consoles ↗ · 2016 · Gibson, Zara et al. · indexed
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Sensor-Actuator Supported Implicit Interaction in Driver Assistance Systems · 2010 · Riener, Andreas · archived
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Address Entry While Driving: Speech Recognition Versus a Touch-Screen Keyboard ↗ · 2004 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
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How to make large touch screens usable while driving · 2013 · Rümelin, Sonja et al. · archived
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InShift: A Shifting Infotainment System to Enhance Co-Driver Experience and Collaboration · 2021 · Berger, Melanie et al. · archived
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Haptic Icons: A Hands-On Approach to Haptic HMI in Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Sarabia, Joseba et al. · archived
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Effects of Quantity and Size of Buttons of In-Vehicle Touch Screen on Drivers’ Eye Glance Behavior ↗ · 2017 · Feng, Fred et al. · indexed
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A surface electromyography controlled steering assistance interface ↗ · 2019 · Nacpil, Edric John Cruz et al. · indexed
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Interface design considerations for an in-vehicle eco-driving assistance system · 2015 · Jamson, A. Hamish et al. · archived
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Eyes free -- Hands free" oder "Zeit der Stille". Ein Demonstrator zur multimodalen Bedienung im Automobil ↗ · 2000 · Bengler, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Driver-vehicle interfaces and interaction: where are they going? · 2009 · Damiani, Sergio et al. · archived
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Control Transferring between Automated and Manual Driving using Shared Control ↗ · 2017 · Saito, Takahiro et al. · indexed
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Neuromuscular Analysis as a Guideline in designing Shared Control · 2010 · Abbink, David A. et al. · archived
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Browsing the information highway while driving: three in-vehicle touch screen scrolling methods and driver distraction ↗ · 2013 · Kujala, Tuomo · indexed
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Steering Force Feedback for Human–Machine-Interface Automotive Experiments ↗ · 2010 · Katzourakis, Diomidis et al. · indexed
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Understanding and reducing conflicts between driver and haptic shared control ↗ · 2014 · Boink, Rolf P. et al. · indexed
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Human Factors Research on Future Automotive Instrumentation: A Progress Report ↗ · 1991 · Green, Paul et al. · indexed
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Adaptive Haptic Feedback Steering Wheel for Driving Simulators ↗ · 2008 · Mohellebi, Hakim et al. · indexed
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Driver Adaptation to Driving Speed and Road Width: Exploring Parameters for Designing Adaptive Haptic Shared Control ↗ · 2015 · Scholtens, Sietse et al. · indexed
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The design of an in-vehicle assistance system to support eco-driving · 2015 · Hibberd, Daryl et al. · archived
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When Do Users Prefer Voice Control Systems in Vehicles? A Survey of Chinese Drivers ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Chunxi et al. · indexed
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Using Matlab-based Driving Simulator for Human Factor Assessment · 2019 · Jirgl, Miroslav et al. · archived
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Towards the Automotive HMI of the Future: Overview of the AIDE-Integrated Project Results ↗ · 2010 · Amditis, Angelos et al. · indexed
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Should Steering Settings be Changed by the Driver or by the Vehicle Itself? ↗ · 2022 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
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The effect of haptic guidance on curve negotiation behavior of young, experienced drivers ↗ · 2008 · Mulder, Mark et al. · indexed
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Steering behavior model of drivers on driving simulator through visual information ↗ · 2016 · Suzaki, Tomohito et al. · indexed
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Characterizing Driver Trust in Vehicle Control Algorithm Parameters ↗ · 2018 · Domeyer, Joshua et al. · indexed
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Reducing steering wheel stiffness is beneficial in supporting evasive maneuvers ↗ · 2010 · Penna, Mauro Della et al. · indexed
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Student Concept Vehicle: Development and Usability of an Innovative Holographic User Interface Concept and a Novel Parking Assistance System Concept ↗ · 2019 · Mims, Lauren et al. · indexed
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Research on Intelligent Connected HMI Test System Based on Driving Simulator ↗ · 2024 · Wu, Shenao et al. · indexed
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The Push vs Pull of Information between Autonomous Cars and Human Drivers ↗ · 2014 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
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Destination Entry And Retrieval With The Ali-Scout Navigation System Fast-Trac Phase Iib Deliverable · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
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Looking for a better fit? An Incremental Learning Multimodal Object Referencing Framework adapting to Individual Drivers · 2024 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
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How Often are ADAS Used? Results of a Car Drivers’ Survey · 2023 · Picone, Mariarosaria et al. · archived
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Driver Differentiation With Seat Settings: Part I—Component Selection ↗ · 2010 · Flannagan, Carol et al. · indexed
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Improved Usability of Aviation Automation Through Direct Manipulation and Graphical User Interface Design ↗ · 2002 · Kaber, David B. et al. · indexed
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Design of an Embedded Controller for Some Applications of an Automotives · 2011 · Bajaj, Preeti et al. · archived
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Augmented Reality Fitts' Law Input Comparison Between Touchpad, Pointing Gesture, and Raycast · 2022 · Mifsud, Domenick et al. · archived
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Hybrid electric vehicle control : general examples and a real world example ↗ · 2006 · Sánchez-Repila, Diego et al. · indexed
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Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Evolution, Classification, Comparison, and Future Trends ↗ · 2007 · Salmasi, Farzad Rajaei · indexed
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Comparison between Rule-Based and Instantaneous Optimization for a Single-Mode, Power-Split HEV ↗ · 2011 · Kim, Namwook et al. · indexed
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Influence of Control Design on Energetic Performances of an Electric Vehicle ↗ · 2007 · Chen, K. et al. · indexed
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The Study of the Operation Modes and Control Strategies of an Advanced Electromechanical Converter for Automobiles ↗ · 2006 · Cheng, Yuan et al. · indexed
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Energy management in an automotive electric/heat engine hybrid powertrain using fuzzy decision making ↗ · 2002 · Farrall, S.D. et al. · indexed
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Hybrid power management and control of fuel cells‐battery energy storage system in hybrid electric vehicle under three different modes ↗ · 2024 · Belkhier, Youcef et al. · indexed
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A torque and speed coupling hybrid drivetrain-architecture, control, and simulation ↗ · 2006 · Gao, Yimin et al. · indexed
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Simulation of an unified control scheme for different Hybrid Electric Vehicles ↗ · 2009 · Chen, Keyu et al. · indexed