DrivingResearch.

display design

In-cabin visual display layout and HMI design: instrument cluster arrangement, information grouping, glance-friendly readability, contrast, and where on-screen elements are placed. Covers the visual presentation surface inside the cabin, not the input controls drivers touch (control_interfaces) and not windshield-projected or augmented-reality imagery in the forward view (hud_ar_windshield).

Relevant standards

  • Alliance Driver Focus-Telematics Guidelines (2006 update) — Statement of Principles, Criteria and Verification Procedures on Driver Interactions with Advanced In-Vehicle Information and Communication Systems
  • Commission Recommendation 2000/53/EC (recommendation 32000H0053) — Commission Recommendation of 21 December 1999 on safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems: A European statement of principles on human machine interface
  • Commission Recommendation 2007/78/EC — Commission recommendation of 22 December 2006 on safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems: update of the European Statement of Principles on human machine interface
  • Commission Recommendation 2008/653/EC — Commission Recommendation of 26 May 2008 on safe and efficient in-vehicle information and communication systems: update of the European Statement of Principles on human-machine interface
  • Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving (v10.4) — Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving
  • FMVSS 101 — Controls and Displays
  • FMVSS 138 — Standard No. 138; Tire pressure monitoring systems
  • ISO 11067:2015 — Intelligent transport systems — Curve speed warning systems (CSWS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 11270:2014 — Intelligent transport systems — Lane keeping assistance systems (LKAS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 15005:2017 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Dialogue management principles and compliance procedures
  • ISO 15008:2017 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
  • ISO 15622:2018 — Intelligent transport systems — Adaptive cruise control systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 16121-1:2012 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic requirements for the driver's workplace in line-service buses — Part 1: General description, basic requirements
  • ISO 16121-3:2011 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic requirements for the driver's workplace in line-service buses — Part 3: Information devices and controls
  • ISO 16505:2019 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic and performance aspects of Camera Monitor Systems — Requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 16505:2019/Amd 1:2021 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic and performance aspects of Camera Monitor Systems — Requirements and test procedures — Amendment 1: ORP, FeV, MTF10MIN(1:1)/hor, MTF10MIN(1:1)/ver
  • ISO 17287:2003 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Procedure for assessing suitability for use while driving
  • ISO 18682:2016 — Intelligent transport systems — External hazard detection and notification systems — Basic requirements
  • ISO 19237:2017 — Intelligent transport systems — Pedestrian detection and collision mitigation systems (PDCMS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 19638:2018 — Intelligent transport systems — Road boundary departure prevention systems (RBDPS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 20035:2019 — Intelligent transport systems — Cooperative adaptive cruise control systems (CACC) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 21202:2020 — Intelligent transport systems — Partially automated lane change systems (PALS) — Functional / operational requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 21717:2018 — Intelligent transport systems — Partially Automated In-Lane Driving Systems (PADS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 22078:2020 — Intelligent transport systems — Bicyclist detection and collision mitigation systems (BDCMS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 22178:2009 — Intelligent transport systems — Low speed following (LSF) systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 22179:2009 — Intelligent transport systems — Full speed range adaptive cruise control (FSRA) systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 22840:2010 — Intelligent transport systems — Devices to aid reverse manoeuvres — Extended-range backing aid systems (ERBA)
  • ISO 2575:2021 — Road vehicles — Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
  • ISO 26684:2015 — Intelligent transport systems (ITS) — Cooperative intersection signal information and violation warning systems (CIWS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 4040:2009 — Road vehicles — Location of hand controls, indicators and tell-tales in motor vehicles
  • ISO 4513:2022 — Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver's eye location
  • ISO/TR 16352:2005 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of in-vehicle presentation for transport information and control systems — Warning systems
  • ISO/TS 16951:2021 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems (TICS) — Procedures for determining priority of on-board messages presented to drivers
  • ISO/TS 21957:2023 — Road vehicles — Visibility — Specifications and test procedures for head-up displays (HUD)
  • ISO/TS 23792-1:2023 — Intelligent transport systems — Motorway chauffeur systems (MCS) — Part 1: Framework and general requirements
  • ISO/TS 8231:2025 — Road vehicles — Visibility — Requirements and recommendations for automotive interior display systems
  • JAMA Guidelines for In-vehicle Display Systems — Version 3.0 — Guidelines for In-vehicle Display Systems — Version 3.0
  • JIS D 0021:1998 — Eye range of drivers for automobiles
  • SAE J1138 — Design Criteria - Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10,000 GVW and Under)
  • SAE J1757/1 — Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays
  • SAE J1757/2 — Optical System HUD for Automotive
  • SAE J2395 — ITS In-Vehicle Message Priority
  • SAE J2402 — Road Vehicles - Symbols for Controls, Indicators, and Tell-Tales
  • SAE J2802 — Blind Spot Monitoring System (BSMS): Operating Characteristics and User Interface
  • SAE J2830 — Process for Comprehension Testing of In-Vehicle Icons
  • SAE J2831 — Development of Design and Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric Messages
  • SAE J3113 — Principles and Process for Developing Icons for Electronic Displays
  • SAE J3155 — Camera Monitor Systems Test Protocols and Performance Requirements
  • UN ECE R121 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the location and identification of hand controls, tell-tales and indicators
  • UN ECE R141 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
  • UN ECE R39 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the speedometer and odometer equipment including its installation
  • UN ECE R46 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices

19 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Driver-Centric Design: Empirical Strategies for Optimizing the Visualization of Driving Information on Vehicle Liquid Crystal Display Dashboards ↗ · 2025 · Lin, Jin-Long et al. · indexed
  2. Preliminary Human Factors Design Guidelines For Driver Information Systems · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
  3. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements Volume I: Guidelines · 2004 · Campbell, J. L. et al. · archived
  4. Usability testing of three visual HMIs for assisted driving: How design impacts driver distraction and mental models · 2023 · Perrier, Mickaël J. R. et al. · archived
  5. Development of human factors guidelines for advanced traveler information systems and commercial vehicle operations : identification of the strengths and weaknesses of alternative information display formats · 1998 · Hulse, M.C. et al. · archived
  6. Preliminary human factors guidelines for automated highway system designers. Volume 1 : guidelines for AHS designers · 1998 · Levitan, Lee et al. · archived
  7. Human Factors Aspects Of Using Head Up Displays In Automobiles: A Review Of The Literature, Interim Report · 1995 · Gish, Kenneth W. et al. · archived
  8. Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Automated Highway System Designers. Volume 1: Guidelines for AHS Designers · 1995 · Levitan, Lee et al. · archived
  9. Key Cognitive Issues in the Design of Electronic Displays of Instrument Approach Procedure Charts · 1993 · Clay, M.C. · archived
  10. Methodology for the design of automotive HUD graphical interfaces · 2018 · Villa-Espinal, Jesús et al. · archived
  11. Driving and Side Task Performance: The Effects of Display Clutter, Separation, and Modality ↗ · 2004 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
  12. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Literature Review · 1998 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
  13. Human Factors Laboratory [Fact Sheet] · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
  14. The impact of in-car human-machine interface prompt locations on driver attention resource redistribution: An event-related potential study ↗ · 2025 · Wang, Shirui et al. · indexed
  15. Determining the Accuracy and Acceptance of Using Driver Interface Display Components and Fuel Economy Information Types ↗ · 2010 · Rakauskas, Michael E. et al. · indexed
  16. General Development Process for In-Vehicle Icons [tech brief] · 2003 · Campbell, John · archived
  17. The Proximity Compatibility Principle and Its Applications to Human Perception of Graphic Displays ↗ · 2022 · Connor, Zoe A. et al. · indexed
  18. Evaluation of Information Visualization in Digital Intelligence Product · 2024 · Ulcej, Dejan et al. · archived
  19. Improving pilot/ATC voice communication in general aviation. ↗ · 1999 · Morrow, Daniel · indexed